Which vessel is required to take early action to avoid collision?

The give-way vessel is required to take early action to avoid collision because its primary responsibility is to yield to other vessels in situations where the right of way isn't clear. When two vessels approach each other, the give-way vessel must take steps to ensure that a collision does not occur, such as altering its course or speed. The priority in these situations is to avoid any incident on the water, which is vital for maintaining safety.

In contrast, the stand-on vessel is typically expected to maintain its course and speed when it has the right of way. Fishing vessels may have specific rules depending on their activities (like if they are trawling), and powered vessels must also adhere to navigation rules, but in a general context regarding collision avoidance, it is the give-way vessel that is explicitly tasked with taking action to prevent a collision.