What list includes the three operating modes of planing hulls?

The three operating modes of planing hulls are indeed best captured by the terms Displacement, Plowing, and Planing.

Displacement refers to the mode when the boat is operating at lower speeds, where the hull displaces water and moves through it without rising above the waterline. This mode is prevalent at slower speeds.

Plowing is an intermediate mode that occurs as the boat begins to accelerate. The hull is partly submerged, creating more drag as it "plows" through the water. In this stage, the boat is transitioning from a displacement mode to a planing mode, generating considerable resistance and often larger waves in front.

Finally, Planing is achieved when the boat reaches a sufficient speed, allowing it to rise above the water's surface and glide on top. This significantly reduces drag and enhances efficiency, making it the preferred state for higher speeds.

Understanding these modes is crucial for operating planing hulls effectively, as each mode dictates different handling characteristics and fuel efficiencies.